A proposed law in Uganda has sparked strong criticism from human rights organizations, journalists, business groups, and political observers, who argue that it mirrors so-called “foreign agent” legislation previously enacted in countries such as Russia and used to curb dissent.
Uganda, governed by President Yoweri Museveni for nearly four decades, has faced growing scrutiny over democratic freedoms and political space. Museveni, 81, secured re-election in January during a disputed vote marked by an internet shutdown and reports of opposition repression. His main challenger, Bobi Wine, reportedly went into hiding during the aftermath of the election.
Opponents of the newly introduced Protection of Sovereignty Bill say it could significantly expand state powers against critics and political rivals.
The draft legislation would criminalize actions considered to promote “the interests of a foreigner against the interests of Uganda.” It also allows individuals or organizations receiving funding from abroad to be designated as “foreign agents.”
Those found guilty under the proposed law could face prison terms of up to 20 years.
Rights advocates have also raised concerns about provisions that reportedly classify Ugandans living abroad as “foreigners.” Critics say such language could conflict with constitutional protections and create uncertainty for members of the Ugandan diaspora who regularly send financial support to relatives at home.
The bill is expected to be presented to parliament next week. Given the ruling party’s strong majority, analysts say it could pass despite mounting criticism from civil society groups and some members of the governing establishment.
Mwesigwa Rukutana, a former deputy attorney general and finance minister, said the bill had faced resistance from many sectors of society. He urged authorities to conduct wider consultations, revise contentious provisions, or withdraw the proposal entirely.
Human Rights Watch said the legislation appears to resemble laws introduced in Russia and allied states, where critics say vague terminology has been used to target activists and independent organizations.
Job Kiija, deputy director of the Ugandan think tank Innovations for Democratic Engagement and Action, said similar laws in other countries have often been used to suppress opposition rather than protect national interests.
President Museveni commented on the bill on Thursday, saying revisions were needed to ensure it does not obstruct investment or financial flows. However, he also defended the principle of limiting foreign political influence in domestic affairs.
